Csharp/C Sharp/Development Class/Parser

This module contains the recursive descent parser that does not use variables

/*
C#: The Complete Reference 
by Herbert Schildt 
Publisher: Osborne/McGraw-Hill (March 8, 2002)
ISBN: 0072134852
*/
/*  
   This module contains the recursive descent 
   parser that does not use variables. 
*/ 
 
using System; 
 
// Exception class for parser errors. 
class ParserException : ApplicationException { 
  public ParserException(string str) : base(str) { }  
 
  public override string ToString() { 
    return Message; 
  } 
} 
 
class Parser { 
  // Enumerate token types. 
  enum Types { NONE, DELIMITER, VARIABLE, NUMBER }; 
  // Enumerate error types. 
  enum Errors { SYNTAX, UNBALPARENS, NOEXP, DIVBYZERO }; 
 
  string exp;    // refers to expression string 
  int expIdx;    // current index into the expression 
  string token;  // holds current token 
  Types tokType; // holds token"s type 
 
  // Parser entry point. 
  public double Evaluate(string expstr) 
  { 
    double result; 
   
    exp = expstr; 
    expIdx = 0;  
  
    try {  
      GetToken(); 
      if(token == "") { 
        SyntaxErr(Errors.NOEXP); // no expression present 
        return 0.0; 
      } 
 
      EvalExp2(out result); 
 
      if(token != "") // last token must be null 
        SyntaxErr(Errors.SYNTAX); 
 
      return result; 
    } catch (ParserException exc) { 
      // Add other error handling here, as desired. 
      Console.WriteLine(exc); 
      return 0.0; 
    } 
  } 
   
  // Add or subtract two terms. 
  void EvalExp2(out double result) 
  { 
    string op; 
    double partialResult; 
   
    EvalExp3(out result); 
    while((op = token) == "+" || op == "-") { 
      GetToken(); 
      EvalExp3(out partialResult); 
      switch(op) { 
        case "-": 
          result = result - partialResult; 
          break; 
        case "+": 
          result = result + partialResult; 
          break; 
      } 
    } 
  } 
   
  // Multiply or divide two factors. 
  void EvalExp3(out double result) 
  { 
    string op; 
    double partialResult = 0.0; 
   
    EvalExp4(out result); 
    while((op = token) == "*" || 
           op == "/" || op == "%") { 
      GetToken(); 
      EvalExp4(out partialResult); 
      switch(op) { 
        case "*": 
          result = result * partialResult; 
          break; 
        case "/": 
          if(partialResult == 0.0) 
            SyntaxErr(Errors.DIVBYZERO); 
          result = result / partialResult; 
          break; 
        case "%": 
          if(partialResult == 0.0) 
            SyntaxErr(Errors.DIVBYZERO); 
          result = (int) result % (int) partialResult; 
          break; 
      } 
    } 
  } 
   
  // Process an exponent. 
  void EvalExp4(out double result) 
  { 
    double partialResult, ex; 
    int t; 
   
    EvalExp5(out result); 
    if(token == "^") { 
      GetToken(); 
      EvalExp4(out partialResult); 
      ex = result; 
      if(partialResult == 0.0) { 
        result = 1.0; 
        return; 
      } 
      for(t=(int)partialResult-1; t > 0; t--) 
        result = result * (double)ex; 
    } 
  } 
   
  // Evaluate a unary + or -. 
  void EvalExp5(out double result) 
  { 
    string  op; 
   
    op = ""; 
    if((tokType == Types.DELIMITER) && 
        token == "+" || token == "-") { 
      op = token; 
      GetToken(); 
    } 
    EvalExp6(out result); 
    if(op == "-") result = -result; 
  } 
   
  // Process a parenthesized expression. 
  void EvalExp6(out double result) 
  { 
    if((token == "(")) { 
      GetToken(); 
      EvalExp2(out result); 
      if(token != ")") 
        SyntaxErr(Errors.UNBALPARENS); 
      GetToken(); 
    } 
    else Atom(out result); 
  } 
   
  // Get the value of a number. 
  void Atom(out double result) 
  { 
    switch(tokType) { 
      case Types.NUMBER: 
        try { 
          result = Double.Parse(token); 
        } catch (FormatException) { 
          result = 0.0; 
          SyntaxErr(Errors.SYNTAX); 
        } 
        GetToken(); 
        return; 
      default: 
        result = 0.0; 
        SyntaxErr(Errors.SYNTAX); 
        break; 
    } 
  } 
   
  // Handle a syntax error. 
  void SyntaxErr(Errors error) 
  { 
    string[] err = { 
      "Syntax Error", 
      "Unbalanced Parentheses", 
      "No Expression Present", 
      "Division by Zero" 
    }; 
 
    throw new ParserException(err[(int)error]); 
  } 
   
  // Obtain the next token. 
  void GetToken() 
  { 
    tokType = Types.NONE; 
    token = ""; 
    
    if(expIdx == exp.Length) return; // at end of expression 
   
    // skip over white space 
    while(expIdx < exp.Length && 
          Char.IsWhiteSpace(exp[expIdx])) ++expIdx; 
 
    // trailing whitespace ends expression 
    if(expIdx == exp.Length) return; 
 
    if(IsDelim(exp[expIdx])) { // is operator 
      token += exp[expIdx]; 
      expIdx++; 
      tokType = Types.DELIMITER; 
    } 
    else if(Char.IsLetter(exp[expIdx])) { // is variable 
      while(!IsDelim(exp[expIdx])) { 
        token += exp[expIdx]; 
        expIdx++; 
        if(expIdx >= exp.Length) break; 
      } 
      tokType = Types.VARIABLE; 
    } 
    else if(Char.IsDigit(exp[expIdx])) { // is number 
      while(!IsDelim(exp[expIdx])) { 
        token += exp[expIdx]; 
        expIdx++; 
        if(expIdx >= exp.Length) break; 
      } 
      tokType = Types.NUMBER; 
    } 
  } 
   
  // Return true if c is a delimiter. 
  bool IsDelim(char c) 
  { 
    if((" +-/*%^=()".IndexOf(c) != -1)) 
      return true; 
    return false; 
  } 
   
} 

// Demonstrate the parser. 
 
public class ParserDemo { 
  public static void Main() 
  { 
    string expr; 
    Parser p = new Parser(); 
 
    Console.WriteLine("Enter an empty expression to stop."); 
 
    for(;;) { 
      Console.Write("Enter expression: "); 
      expr = Console.ReadLine(); 
      if(expr == "") break; 
      Console.WriteLine("Result: " + p.Evaluate(expr)); 
    } 
  } 
}

This module contains the recursive descent parser that recognizes variables

/*
C#: The Complete Reference 
by Herbert Schildt 
Publisher: Osborne/McGraw-Hill (March 8, 2002)
ISBN: 0072134852
*/
/*  
   This module contains the recursive descent 
   parser that recognizes variables. 
*/ 
 
using System; 
 
// Exception class for parser errors. 
class ParserException : ApplicationException { 
  public ParserException(string str) : base(str) { }  
 
  public override string ToString() { 
    return Message; 
  } 
} 
 
class Parser { 
  // Enumerate token types. 
  enum Types { NONE, DELIMITER, VARIABLE, NUMBER }; 
  // Enumerate error types. 
  enum Errors { SYNTAX, UNBALPARENS, NOEXP, DIVBYZERO }; 
 
  string exp;    // refers to expression string 
  int expIdx;    // current index into the expression 
  string token;  // holds current token 
  Types tokType; // holds token"s type 
 
  // Array for variables. 
  double[] vars = new double[26]; 
 
  public Parser() { 
    // Initialize the variables to zero. 
    for(int i=0; i < vars.Length; i++)  
       vars[i] = 0.0; 
  } 
 
  // Parser entry point. 
  public double Evaluate(string expstr) 
  { 
    double result; 
   
    exp = expstr; 
    expIdx = 0;  
 
    try {  
      GetToken(); 
      if(token == "") { 
        SyntaxErr(Errors.NOEXP); // no expression present 
        return 0.0; 
      } 
 
      EvalExp1(out result); // now, call EvalExp1() to start 
 
      if(token != "") // last token must be null 
        SyntaxErr(Errors.SYNTAX); 
 
      return result; 
    } catch (ParserException exc) { 
      // Add other error handling here, as desired. 
      Console.WriteLine(exc); 
      return 0.0; 
    } 
  } 
   
  // Process an assignment. 
  void EvalExp1(out double result) 
  { 
    int varIdx; 
    Types ttokType; 
    string temptoken; 
 
    if(tokType == Types.VARIABLE) { 
      // save old token 
      temptoken = String.Copy(token); 
      ttokType = tokType; 
 
      // Compute the index of the variable. 
      varIdx = Char.ToUpper(token[0]) - "A"; 
 
      GetToken(); 
      if(token != "=") { 
        PutBack(); // return current token 
        // restore old token -- not an assignment 
        token = String.Copy(temptoken); 
        tokType = ttokType; 
      } 
      else { 
        GetToken(); // get next part of exp 
        EvalExp2(out result); 
        vars[varIdx] = result; 
        return; 
      } 
    } 
 
    EvalExp2(out result); 
  } 
 
  // Add or subtract two terms. 
  void EvalExp2(out double result) 
  { 
    string op; 
    double partialResult; 
   
    EvalExp3(out result); 
    while((op = token) == "+" || op == "-") { 
      GetToken(); 
      EvalExp3(out partialResult); 
      switch(op) { 
        case "-": 
          result = result - partialResult; 
          break; 
        case "+": 
          result = result + partialResult; 
          break; 
      } 
    } 
  } 
   
  // Multiply or divide two factors. 
  void EvalExp3(out double result) 
  { 
    string op; 
    double partialResult = 0.0; 
   
    EvalExp4(out result); 
    while((op = token) == "*" || 
           op == "/" || op == "%") { 
      GetToken(); 
      EvalExp4(out partialResult); 
      switch(op) { 
        case "*": 
          result = result * partialResult; 
          break; 
        case "/": 
          if(partialResult == 0.0) 
            SyntaxErr(Errors.DIVBYZERO); 
          result = result / partialResult; 
          break; 
        case "%": 
          if(partialResult == 0.0) 
            SyntaxErr(Errors.DIVBYZERO); 
          result = (int) result % (int) partialResult; 
          break; 
      } 
    } 
  } 
   
  // Process an exponent. 
  void EvalExp4(out double result) 
  { 
    double partialResult, ex; 
    int t; 
   
    EvalExp5(out result); 
    if(token == "^") { 
      GetToken(); 
      EvalExp4(out partialResult); 
      ex = result; 
      if(partialResult == 0.0) { 
        result = 1.0; 
        return; 
      } 
      for(t=(int)partialResult-1; t > 0; t--) 
        result = result * (double)ex; 
    } 
  } 
   
  // Evaluate a unary + or -. 
  void EvalExp5(out double result) 
  { 
    string  op; 
   
    op = ""; 
    if((tokType == Types.DELIMITER) && 
        token == "+" || token == "-") { 
      op = token; 
      GetToken(); 
    } 
    EvalExp6(out result); 
    if(op == "-") result = -result; 
  } 
   
  // Process a parenthesized expression. 
  void EvalExp6(out double result) 
  { 
    if((token == "(")) { 
      GetToken(); 
      EvalExp2(out result); 
      if(token != ")") 
        SyntaxErr(Errors.UNBALPARENS); 
      GetToken(); 
    } 
    else Atom(out result); 
  } 
   
  // Get the value of a number or variable. 
  void Atom(out double result) 
  { 
    switch(tokType) { 
      case Types.NUMBER: 
        try { 
          result = Double.Parse(token); 
        } catch (FormatException) { 
          result = 0.0; 
          SyntaxErr(Errors.SYNTAX); 
        } 
        GetToken(); 
        return; 
      case Types.VARIABLE: 
        result = FindVar(token); 
        GetToken(); 
        return; 
      default: 
        result = 0.0; 
        SyntaxErr(Errors.SYNTAX); 
        break; 
    } 
  } 
   
   // Return the value of a variable. 
  double FindVar(string vname) 
  { 
    if(!Char.IsLetter(vname[0])){ 
      SyntaxErr(Errors.SYNTAX); 
      return 0.0; 
    } 
    return vars[Char.ToUpper(vname[0])-"A"]; 
  } 
 
  // Return a token to the input stream. 
  void PutBack()   
  { 
    for(int i=0; i < token.Length; i++) expIdx--; 
  } 
 
  // Handle a syntax error. 
  void SyntaxErr(Errors error) 
  { 
    string[] err = { 
      "Syntax Error", 
      "Unbalanced Parentheses", 
      "No Expression Present", 
      "Division by Zero" 
    }; 
 
    throw new ParserException(err[(int)error]); 
  } 
   
  // Obtain the next token. 
  void GetToken() 
  { 
    tokType = Types.NONE; 
    token = ""; 
    
    if(expIdx == exp.Length) return; // at end of expression 
   
    // skip over white space 
    while(expIdx < exp.Length && 
          Char.IsWhiteSpace(exp[expIdx])) ++expIdx; 
 
    // trailing whitespace ends expression 
    if(expIdx == exp.Length) return; 
 
    if(IsDelim(exp[expIdx])) { // is operator 
      token += exp[expIdx]; 
      expIdx++; 
      tokType = Types.DELIMITER; 
    } 
    else if(Char.IsLetter(exp[expIdx])) { // is variable 
      while(!IsDelim(exp[expIdx])) { 
        token += exp[expIdx]; 
        expIdx++; 
        if(expIdx >= exp.Length) break; 
      } 
      tokType = Types.VARIABLE; 
    } 
    else if(Char.IsDigit(exp[expIdx])) { // is number 
      while(!IsDelim(exp[expIdx])) { 
        token += exp[expIdx]; 
        expIdx++; 
        if(expIdx >= exp.Length) break; 
      } 
      tokType = Types.NUMBER; 
    } 
  } 
   
  // Return true if c is a delimiter. 
  bool IsDelim(char c) 
  { 
    if((" +-/*%^=()".IndexOf(c) != -1)) 
      return true; 
    return false; 
  }   
} 

// Demonstrate the parser. 
 
public class ParserDemo1 { 
  public static void Main() 
  { 
    string expr; 
    Parser p = new Parser(); 
 
    Console.WriteLine("Enter an empty expression to stop."); 
 
    for(;;) { 
      Console.Write("Enter expression: "); 
      expr = Console.ReadLine(); 
      if(expr == "") break; 
      Console.WriteLine("Result: " + p.Evaluate(expr)); 
    } 
  } 
}